Iodine deficiency may be more common than most people realise. Studies on the effects of iodine deficiency in children conclude that iodine deficiency can lower the IQ of school-aged children by 13.5 points. Healthy iodine levels are required for IQ development and school performance.

Iron is found in high levels in brain tissue, and has multiple roles in the function of neurotransmitters in the brain. Low blood iron levels have been linked to poorer maths performance in a large, nationwide study of over 5,000 American children.

Zinc helps to support concentration, reasoning and cognition in children. Low levels of zinc may be linked with reduced reading ability. The incidence of suboptimal zinc consumption in Australia is widespread, with 32% of 8-11 year old boys and 70% of 8-11 year old girls consuming less than the RDI of zinc.

Magnesium is highly concentrated in brain tissue and is required for proper nerve function.

Other nutrients have a vital role to play in the developing brain. Vitamin B12 is required for proper nerve development. Vitamin C, as well as assisting in iron absorption, is involved with the synthesis of neurotransmitters. Zinc and vitamin B6 have a role in the metabolism of essential fatty acids including EPA and DHA which are found in fish oil.